Linking Seasonal‐to‐Interannual Variability of Intermediate Currents in the Southwest Tropical Pacific to Wind Forcing and ENSO

Seasonal-to-interannual variability of intermediate circulations in the southwest tropical Pacific is key to interhemisphere and interbasin water mass exchange shown be interconnected with wind forcing El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) based on numerical model results validated by mooring observations. The Lower Equatorial Intermediate Current part New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent show clear seasonal a significant interannual response ENSO at 7–12-month lag, both which are induced Rossby waves. Baroclinic modes 1 2 direct wind-forced waves contribute mainly variability. In contrast, from baroclinic 4 reflection Kelvin main contributors time scales. presence coastline enhances variance relationship between currents ENSO.